Common Terms for Networking:
Protocols:
In Networking, to process any data, a set of rules which is called protocol defines how two nodes in a network communicate. Protocol works like a universal language for computers in a network. This enables communication between computer ignoring their differences in software and hardware. Some protocols which you may have heard of are Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
Open and Closed System:
The system that is connect on the network and is ready to communicate with other entities is Open System and the system that is not connected to the network and cannot communicate with other systems is Closed System.
OSI Model:
In Networking, the Open Systems Interconnection is basically a very simple representation of how the Internet really works. It has 7 layers like:
1. Presentation Layer:This layer will make sure the data is in the correct or usable format and will ensure data encryption.(ASCII, UTF, SSL, TLS) {Implemented in Software}
2. Session Layer:
Maintenance of connection and control of different sessions as well as ports is done on this layer.(NetBIOS, SIP) {Implemented in Software}
3. Transport Layer:
It will ensure transmission of data using Transmission Control Protocol and User Diagram Protocol (TCP and UDP). {Implemented in Software}
4. Network Layer:
This layer will decide which physical path the packets will travel.(IP, ICMP, IPSec) {Implemented in Hardware}
5. Datalink Layer:
It defines the format of data on the network.(LAN, Wi-Fi) {Implemented in Hardware}
6. Physical Layer:
It is the physical infrastructure to transport data.(CAN, Bluetooth Physical Layer) {Implemented in Hardware}
7. Application Layer: In this layer, the interaction between the user and the server occurs. (HTTP and FTP) {Implemented in Software}
Essential Aspects to Remember About Networking:
1. Security: Protecting your network from unauthorized access, data breaches, and malicious attacks is paramount. Implement strong passwords, encryption protocols, firewalls, and regular security updates to safeguard sensitive information and prevent disruptions to network operations.
2. Reliability: Ensuring consistent network performance and uptime is crucial for uninterrupted communication and operations. Invest in reliable hardware, such as routers, switches, and cables, and implement redundancy measures to minimize the impact of hardware failures or network outages.
3. Scalability: As your organization grows, your network must be able to accommodate increasing demands for bandwidth, users, and devices. Plan for scalability by designing a flexible network architecture, utilizing technologies like virtualization and cloud services, and regularly assessing and upgrading network infrastructure as needed.
4. Monitoring and Management: Proactively monitoring network performance, traffic patterns, and security threats allows you to identify issues and take corrective action before they escalate. Implement network monitoring tools, establish performance metrics, and regularly review logs and reports to optimize network efficiency and address potential problems promptly.
5. Performance Optimization: Ensuring optimal network performance involves various factors. This includes bandwidth management to prioritize critical traffic, Quality of Service (QoS) configurations to guarantee performance for specific applications or users, and network optimization techniques such as traffic shaping and caching to improve efficiency.
6. Compatibility and Interoperability: Networking components and protocols should be compatible and able to interoperate seamlessly to ensure smooth communication. Pay attention to standards compliance and compatibility when integrating new devices or technologies into your network infrastructure.
7. Disaster Recovery and Continuity Planning: Implementing robust disaster recovery and continuity plans is essential to minimize downtime and data loss in the event of unforeseen disasters or disruptions. This involves regular data backups, redundant infrastructure deployment, failover configurations, and comprehensive recovery procedures.
8. Documentation and Change Management: Maintaining accurate documentation of network configurations, topology, and changes is crucial for effective network management and troubleshooting. Implement change management processes to track and document network modifications, ensuring accountability and facilitating rollback procedures if needed.
9. Compliance and Regulations: Compliance with industry regulations and data protection laws is essential, especially for organizations handling sensitive or confidential information. Stay informed about relevant compliance requirements and implement necessary security measures, data encryption, and access controls to meet regulatory standards.
10. Training and Skill Development: Investing in training and skill development for IT staff is vital to keep up with evolving networking technologies and best practices. Ensure that your team receives regular training on network security, troubleshooting techniques, and new technologies to maintain a competent and knowledgeable workforce.
11. Budget and Resource Management: Networking projects require adequate budgeting and resource allocation to ensure successful implementation and ongoing maintenance. Develop a comprehensive budget that accounts for hardware, software, licensing fees, personnel costs, and potential unforeseen expenses to avoid budgetary constraints that could hinder project success.
By considering these additional aspects along with the fundamental principles of networking, you can build and maintain a robust, efficient, and secure network infrastructure to support your organization’s goals and requirements.
